Embedded Systems A Contemporary Design Tool James K. Peckol Pdf

General Information

Class meets Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM in Room 415 Schapiro (CEPSR).

Mudd 1235 is the lab, which is filled with Linux workstations and FPGA boards. Registered students will receive accounts on these machines and 24-hour badge access to this room.

Do the lab by yourself. Project groups should be three students or more.

Staff

Name	Email	Office hours	Location
Prof. Stephen A. Edwards	sedwards@cs.columbia.edu	4-5 T, W	1235 Mudd
David Lariviere	dal2103@columbia.edu	TBA	1235 Mudd

Overview

Prerequisites: ELEN E3910 or COMS W3843 or the equivalent. Embedded system architecture and programming. I/O, analog and digital interfacing, and peripherals. Weekly laboratory sessions and term project on design of a microprocessor-based embedded system including at least one custom peripheral. Knowledge of C programming and digital logic required. Lab required.

The goal of this class is to introduce you to issues in hardware/software interfacing, practical microprocessor-based system design issues such as bus protocols and device drivers, and practical digital hardware design using modern logic synthesis tools. You will put all of this to use in the lab where you will be given the opportunity to implement, using a combination of C and the VHDL hardware description langauge, a small embedded system.

This is a lab course done in two parts. During the first part of the class, each student will implement the same ``canned'' designs designed by the instructor and be given substantial guidance. These are meant as an opportunity for you to learn the development tools and basic concepts. In the second part of the class, you will divide up into teams and each will design and implement a comparable project of their own with guidance from the instructor and TAs.

This course is designed to take over the role ELEN 3940 once played in the EE and Computer Engineering curriculum, i.e., as a capstone class in which students will integrate their knowledge of digital logic, programming, and system design to produce a real system. It is intended to complement ELEN 4340, Computer Hardware Design. 4840 will focus more on system-design issues and include a large section on hardware/software integration. Students in 4840 will use processors and peripherals as building blocks. By contrast, students in 4340 have logic gates as building blocks.

Possible projects include:

Digital tone control (analog audio in/out, digital DSP operations)
Digital sound effects processor (e.g., echo, tone shifting)
Real-time spectrum analyzer (audio in, FFT, VGA display)
Simple video effects processor (e.g., solarization, inversion)
Speech synthesizer (analog audio out, hard-wired vocal tract models)
Digital picture frame (CF to JPEG decoder, VGA out)
Internet radio (digital audio in via Ethernet, analog audio out)

Prerequisites

ELEN E3910 or COMS W3843 or the equivalent. You must understand digital logic design and C programming. Prior experience with hardware description languages, FPGAs, or embedded processors is not required.

You are strongly encouraged to take COMS W4823, Advanced Digital Logic Design. In it, you will learn logic design and VHDL coding, both of which are crucial to success in 4840.

Tutorials

Writing VHDL for RTL Synthesis: A small tutorial with examples of VHDL code.

Schedule

Date	Lecture	Due
January 22	Embedded Systems
	History of the Apple II
January 24	VHDL 1
January 29	VHDL 2
January 31	VHDL 3	Lab 1
February 5	Ethernet and the PS/2 keyboard
February 7	Low-Level C Programming
February 12	HW/SW Interfaces	Lab 2
February 14	Video
February 19	The Avalon Bus
February 21	(no lecture)
February 26	Processors, FPGAs, and ASICs	Lab 3
February 28	Memory	Proposal
March 4	Serial Communication
March 6	Sprites
March 11	(no lecture)
March 13	(no lecture)	Design
March 17-21	Spring Break
March 25
March 27		Milestone 1
April 1
April 3
April 8
April 10		Milestone 2
April 15
April 17
April 22
April 24
April 29		Milestone 3
May 1
May 10	Final Presentations, reports due	Project

Recommended Texts

Mark Zwolinski.
Digital System Design with VHDL.
Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2004. Second Edition.

There are a lot of books about VHDL out there; this is the most practical one I have seen. It focuses on the synthesizable subset of the language and also discusses test benches. Examples, etc., are available from the Author's web site for the book.

Cover of Digital System Design with VHDL

James K. Peckol.
Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool.
Wiley, 2008.

Many embedded system books are too idiosyncratic or incomplete for my taste, but this one does a nice job covering everything from digital circuit design to interprocess communication in real-time operating systems. Unfortunately, it only discusses the Verilog language and only in an appendix.

Cover of Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool

The Project

You'll perform a design-it-yourself project in the second half of the class. There are five deliverables for the project:

A short project proposal describing in broad terms what you plan to build and how you plan to build it
A detailed project design describing in detail the architecture of your project, both hardware and software. This should include block diagrams, memory maps, lists of registers: everything someone else would need to understand your design. You should have done some preliminary implementation work by this point to validate your design.
Your design document should also a plan of what you intend to complete by each of the three milestones.
Three milestones that you set for yourself: think of 25%, 50%, and 75% completion
A presentation on your project to the class
A final project report

Project groups should be three students or more.

The Project Report

This is a critical part of the project and will be a substantial fraction of the grade.

Include the following sections:

An overview of your project: a revised version of your project proposal.
The detailed project design documents: a revised version of the project design.
A section listing who did what and what lessons you learned and advice for future projects
Complete listings of every file you wrote for the project. Include C source, VHDL source, and things such as .mhs files. Don't include any file that was generated automatically.

Include all of this in a single .pdf file (don't print it out) and email it to me on the due date.

Also create a .tar.gz file (see the online documentation for the `tar' program to see how to create such a file. Briefly, create a file called `myfile' with the names of all the files you want to include in the archive and run tar zcf project.tar.gz `cat myfiles` to create the archive.) that just includes the files necessary to build your project, such as I did for the labs. Also email this to me by the due date.

Projects

Altera Documentation

The DE2 Homepage

DE2 Development and Education Board (an introduction)
DE2 User Manual
DE2 Schematics
Cyclone II Device Handbook v1 (the FPGA on the DE2)
Quartus II Quick Start Guide
Introduction to Quartus II
The Quartus Handbook Volume 1: Design and Synthesis Writing VHDL, running logic synthesis
The Quartus Handbook Volume 2: Design Implementation and Optimization Area, Timing, and Power optimization
The Quartus Handbook Volume 3: Verification Simulation, timing analysis
The Quartus Handbook Volume 4: SOPC Builder Nios II-based systems, the Avalon communication fabric
The Quartus Handbook Volume 5: Embedded Peripherals SDRAM controller, JTAG UART, Flash controller, etc.
Nios II Processor Reference Handbook Describes the instruction set, architecture, and how to implement it in SOPC builder.
Nios II Software Developer's Handbook Describes how to develop software for the Nios II: the IDE, accessing hardware, using Ethernet, etc.
Avalon Memory-Mapped Interface Specification Describes the protocol for the Avalon communication fabric, i.e., how to write peripherals that can be connected to the Nios II in SOPC builder.

Altera DE2 Tutorials

Quartus II Introduction Using VHDL Design This goes into a little more depth than the instructions for lab 1, but is not a replacement.
Timing Considerations with VHDL-Based Designs Talks about how to impose timing constraints (e.g., the clock frequency) and understand the results of the timing analyzer.
Quartus II Simulation with VHDL Designs This uses Altera's simulator, which uses a GUI to enter test bench waveforms. It is an alternative to ModelSim.
Introduction to the Altera SOPC Builder This describes how to create systems that include the Nios II processor and software. See the Nios II Software Developer's Handbook for better information about developing software and using the IDE.
Using Library Modules in VHDL Designs This is about how to ask for and use ``Megafunctions,'' Altera's name for things like multipliers, decoders, counter, etc.
Using the SDRAM Memory on Altera's DE2 Board How to use the gigantic memory on the board. Described for Verilog, not VHDL.

Datasheets for DE2 Peripherals

Analog Devices ADV7123 video DAC
Wolfson WM8731 audio CODEC
MAX232 RS-232 level shifter
Davicom DM9000A Fast Ethernet controller
Davicom DM9000A Application Notes
Analog Devices ADV7181 video decoder
Philips ISP1362 USB 2.0 controller
Philips ISP1362 Embedded Programming Guide
Agilent HSDL-3201 infrared tranceiver for IrDA
8-Mbyte SDRAM
512 Kbyte SRAM
4 Mbyte Flash

Class Policies

Grading	30% Labs
	10% Milestone 1
	15% Milestone 2
	20% Milestone 3
	25% Final Report and presentation
Late Policy	Zero credit for anything handed in after it is due without explicit approval of the instructor.
Collaboration Policy	Work by yourself on labs. You may consult others, but do not copy files or data. You may collaborate with anybody on the project, but must cite sources if you use code.

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